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In the first decade of the Polish People’s Republic the authorities undertook a number of actions that were aimed at changing the previous nature of the judiciary, which was planned to be transformed into one of the tools for exercising power. The transformation process covered not only the judges of that time who performed their duties as members of the administration of justice of the Polish People’s...
Hans Frank did not have typical entitlement to administrative supervision over the justice system, but the competences discussed in the articles made it possible for him to influence personally the justice system and its functioning. The most important seem to be legislative prerogatives. Due to them the General Governor directly influenced the rulings both in civil and most of all in criminal proceedings...
As the history of the penal system demonstrates, work performed by prisoners is an indispensable element of the process of serving a prison sentence. The concept of prisoners’ work was significantly influenced by the definition of the objectives of the penalty. At the turn of the 19th and 20th century, with a new approach to penalization, new objectives were set for prisoners’ work: instead of causing...
The Polish United Workers’ Party strived to control all areas of life in the state. So the administration of justice was not an exception. This Party influenced the judiciary using various mechanisms, i.e. personnel policy, legislation and law enforcement. It created an executive apparatus for this purpose. In the years 1957–1959, it was the PUWP Central Committee’s Commission on the Administration...
The main purpose of the paper is to present the attempt to reform a common judiciary during the second interregnum following the departure from Poland of King Henry of Valois in 1574. The paper focuses on the problem of the current functioning of the judiciary during the interregnumwhich brought with it different practical questions and a general idea of the Polish gentry to reconstruct the system...
The judiciary in the Polish People’s Republic was not a separate, self-governing sphere of power. The judiciary was under the supervision of the Polish United Workers Party (PZPR) and the Ministry of Justice. Political and executive authorities decided upon the staffing and professional matters of judges. In autumn 1980, on the basis of the August Agreements, independent trade unions of judiciary...
The text proves the importance of philosophy for the development of science, including legal science. Philosophy as a source of wisdom would serve for the politicians in passing just laws. Philosophy is now being eliminated from the education process. The result is that the lower values dominate now, such as material and biological values. They also exist as a result of political liberalism. The lack...
The paper analyzes selected political and legal issues of the peace treaty between Lithuania and Bolshevik Russia from 12 July 1920. The treaty had its secret part, which consisted of a few attachments, signed by the representatives of both parties. The most important protocol concerned the neutrality of Lithuania during the Polish – Bolshevik war. Lithuania gave permission for the Bolsheviks to use...
The rebirth of the Polish state after a long period of partition constituted a great opportunity as well as a new challenge for professionals in the Bar association. The Bar association attained self-governing status. This, on the one hand, enabled the group to create an environment and to strengthen the social significance of this group in Poland. On the other hand, it created dangers caused by the...
After Poland restored its independence in 1918, the subject of Polish citizenship was regulated by the provisions of international law, particularly those found in the Versailles Treaty of 24 June 1919, as well as by those formulated in the Treaty with Austria signed in St. Germain en Laye on 10. Sept. 1919, those laid down in the Treaty of Riga of 18 March 1921, and additionally, by the provisions...
The Polish Citizen Court in Hungary was created to deal with matters of Polish refugees who found themselves in this country after the collapse of Poland in September 1939. This court operated as a court of honour. The author analyzes two cases examined by the court. One of the cases involved the embezzlement of money by the commander of one of the refugee camps. The second case involved ‘hate crime’.
The subject matter of this document is the formation of the concept of supplementary penalties in the criminal law in the period of the Second Polish Republic. The article presents the birth of the concept of supplementary penalties in Polish criminal law science, which was formed in the early 20th century against a background of criticism regarding the institution of legal consequences of conviction...
On 24 Oct. 1934 the President of Poland issued an ordinance concerning the Territorial Government Auditing Union (Związek Rewizyjny Samorządu Terytorialnego – ZRST). It was assumed that reasonable control would make it possible to prevent wasteful and ineffective economic undertakings of local governments. The Union’s operations were supervised by the Minister of Internal Affairs. ZRST was responsible...
Adam Mickiewicz is regarded as the greatest Polish poet. His works have a timeless value, providing an inexhaustible source of inspiration for subsequent generations of readers. In the works by Adam Mickiewicz, we can find many references to ancient laws, including the famous lawgivers. In the poem Warcaby, the poet notes that lawgivers often did not obey the laws which they themselves had established...
Witchcraft cases in Poland (before partitions) have been examined by historians since olden times. Among the issues discussed in this matter there was the Act of the Polish Sejm of 1543, according to which witchcraft cases should be in the competence of ecclesiastical courts. Researchers have been interpreting the meaning of this Act in a very different way. According to one group, the Act excluded...
Wincenty Skrzetuski, a member of the SchP convent, was an outstanding educationist, historian, lawyer and political writer. In Mowy o główniejszych materiach politycznych, issued in 1773 and in a handbook published from 1782–1784 Prawo polityczne narodu Polskiego, he discussed the problem of prevention of the King’s authority. He discussed the issue in the context of the attempted abduction of King...
The text is a supplement to the chronological presentation of the Estate’s Assemblies of the Duchy of Głogów, prepared in 1991 by the author in his monographic book on this topic. One can prove that the first traces of the Assembly, composed from the chivalry, can be found in the middle of the 13th century. The well developed system of the estate’s assemblies in the Duchy of Głogów was liquidated...
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